As metaphier, "tornado" carries paraphiers such as power, storm and wind, counterclockwise motion, and danger, threat, destruction, etc. For example, in the metaphor "Pat is a tornado", the metaphrand is "Pat", the metaphier is "tornado". With an inexact metaphor, however, a metaphier might have associated attributes or nuances – its paraphiers – that enrich the metaphor because they "project back" to the metaphrand, potentially creating new ideas – the paraphrands – associated thereafter with the metaphrand or even leading to a new metaphor. In a simple metaphor, an obvious attribute of the metaphier exactly characterizes the metaphrand (e.g. 'Metaphier' is equivalent to the metaphor-theory terms 'vehicle', 'figure', and 'source'. 'Metaphrand' is equivalent to the metaphor-theory terms 'tenor', 'target', and 'ground'. Psychologist Julian Jaynes coined the terms 'metaphrand' and 'metaphier', plus two new concepts, 'paraphrand' and 'paraphier'. Cognitive linguistics uses the terms 'target' and 'source', respectively. Other writers employ the general terms 'ground' and 'figure' to denote the tenor and the vehicle. In the previous example, "the world" is compared to a stage, describing it with the attributes of "the stage" "the world" is the tenor, and "a stage" is the vehicle "men and women" is the secondary tenor, and "players" is the secondary vehicle. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed. The tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. Richards describes a metaphor as having two parts: the tenor and the vehicle. The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1937) by rhetorician I. The English word metaphor derives from the 16th-century Old French word métaphore, which comes from the Latin metaphora, "carrying over", and in turn from the Greek μεταφορά ( metaphorá), "transference (of ownership)", from μεταφέρω ( metapherō), "to carry over", "to transfer" and that from μετά ( meta), "behind", "along with", "across" + φέρω ( pherō), "to bear", "to carry".
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